The literary sources such as the epics and mythological anthologies also mention the close association of music with divinity. We cannot conceive of Krishna without the flute or Saraswati without the Vina. Moreover, individual deities are associated with different kinds of musical instruments. The origin of this art has been attributed to the Gods and Goddesses. Owing to its spiritual and devotional aspects, Carnatic music is associated with Hinduism, the dominant religion of India. MYTHOLOGICAL ASPECTS In India, mythology has a very important place and its influence on the art and culture of the country is phenomenal, Carnatic music being no exception. The present form of Carnatic music is based on historical developments that can be traced to the 15 th - 16th AD and thereafter. A number of musical treatises describing the concepts of Carnatic music were written. Classical Indian music flourished in the southern capital cities, particularly in Vijayanagara and Tanjavur. A clear demarcation between Hindustani music and Carnatic music as two different forms of Indian classical music is seen around the latter half of the 14 th century. After the Sangita Ratnakara of Sarngadeva (1210-1247), the word “Carnatic” came to represent the South Indian Classical Music as a separate system of music. Since Carnatic music is prevalent in South India, I ndia, many scholars believe that the ancient Tamil music is an important source from which Carnatic music is derived. Above all, a ll, Tamil music was practised by the native Dravidians of Southern India. The rhythmic meters found in several sacred musical forms like Te va r am, Ti r u pp u ga zh, etc., resemble the talas that are in use today. In the old Tamil music, the concept of Pann corresponds to that of the modern Raga. Tamil: Tamil works like Silappadikaram , Tol T ol k ap pi am and other Sangam literature works give old Dravidian names for the seven notes in the octave, and describe how new scales can be developed by the modal shift of tonic (shifting the reference Shadja ) from an existing scale. Mentions many musical concepts that continue to be relevant to Carnatic music today. The music system in practice during Bharata’s period must have been similar in some respects to the present day Carnatic system. Epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata also have some references to music. LITERARY SOURCES Sanskrit: Apart from the Sama Veda, there are references to music and musical instruments in the Upanishads, Brahmanas and Puranas. These used to be sung during Vedic sacrifices, using musical notes (3 notes - 7 notes), sometimes accompanied by a musical instrument. Sama Veda consists mostly of R ig Vedic hymns, set to musical tunes. Of these, the Sama Veda is said to have laid the foundation for Indian music. The thousands of hymns in the Vedas, which are dedicated to the Gods and Hindu rituals, in the form of chants were passed down by oral tradition Vedas - Rig, Yajus, Sama from generation to generation. Vedic Origins: It is generally accepted that the Veda s are a probable source of Indian music, which has developed over the centuries into the sophisticated system that it is today. Certain folk tunes correspond to Carnatic melodies or ragas like Anandabhairavi, Punnagavarali, Yadukulakambhoji, etc. While folk music evokes more spontaneity, a classical system like Carnatic music is more organised. Folk Origins: Folk music, also said to have a natural origin, is considered by many scholars as one source that has influenced the structure of Carnatic music. His ability to distinguish between sounds of different frequencies, qualities and timbre would have been an important factor in the evolution of Carnatic music. Man, with his keen sense of observation and perception tried to simulate these sounds.
Ancient man observed this phenomenon and designed the first flute! Some ancient treatises describe the connection of the origin of swaras to the sounds of animals and birds. the sound emanating from the bamboo reed when air passes through its hollows. Natural Origins: A number of musical sounds are naturally produced, e.g. This has been separately discussed in the mythological section. Carnatic music is also believed to have originated from the Gods. Divine Origins: Origins: It is the general belief in Indian culture, that all art forms have a divine origin. Historical records allow us to trace tra ce the interesting pattern of evolutionary changes in music. Several changes in theory and practice have surely taken place from Vedic times to the present day. Carnatic music It is not easy to point to one period of history or one ancient form of music as the source of contemporary Carnatic music.
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